• Moore’s Law - Integrated Circuits resources double every 18-24 months

  • Prediction in 1965 by Gordon Moore, Founder of Intel
  • Design with future of technology in mind vs present of technology

  • Represented by the graph below

    [caption id=“attachment_209” align=“aligncenter” width=“341”] ‘up and to the right’ graph[/caption]

• Abstraction - Represent the design at different levels of representation

  • Increases productivity and decreases design time
  • Lower levels details are hidden to make it simple = higher level details

[caption id=“attachment_223” align=“aligncenter” width=“348”] abstract painting[/caption]

• Common Case Efficiency - Enhance efficiency more than the efficiency of rare cases

  • Experimentation and measurement is required
  • Fast sport cars versus fast minivan?

[caption id=“attachment_235” align=“aligncenter” width=“346”] Jaguar F-Type[/caption]

• Parallelism Efficiency - Performing operations in parallel

  • Increases performance
  • Represented by the jet engines on a plane below

[caption id=“attachment_242” align=“aligncenter” width=“344”] Dual engines on jet[/caption]

• Pipelining Efficiency - Pattern of parallelism

  • Has a particular sequence with different stages
  • Represented by ventilation in data centers

[caption id=“attachment_250” align=“aligncenter” width=“348”] Air ventilation of data centers[/caption]

• Prediction Efficiency - Easier to ask for forgiveness than permission

  • As long as prediction is not expensive and is accurate
  • Represented by the sky for weather forecasting

[caption id=“attachment_258” align=“aligncenter” width=“346”] Weather forecasting based on clouds[/caption]

• Memory Structure - Required to be fast, large, and cheap

  • Memory speeds hinders performance while capacity limits unsolvable issues
  • Memory is one of the most expensive component in computers
  • Cache versus Random Access Memory (RAM) versus Hard  Disk Drive (HDD)
  • Represented by a pyramid with cache at the top and HDD at the bottom

[caption id=“attachment_268” align=“aligncenter” width=“344”] Pyramid memory structure[/caption]

• Redundancy Dependency - Components for detecting  and resolving failures

  • Moral of the story is that any device can fail
  • Represented by emergency procedures when flying a plane

[caption id=“attachment_282” align=“aligncenter” width=“349”] Emergency procedure for crashed plane[/caption]